Сонгодог монгол бичгийн зөв бичих зүй ба түрэг хэлний толь бичгийн баримт

Abstract

Classical Mongolian has preserved its early historical features so it’s important to study and compare its form with other Altaic languages. There are differing theories on the Altaic language roots and this research won’t touch upon that but will only aim to compare classical Mongolian with the corresponding Turkic words based on orthography.

As a result of this research, the following conclusions were made:

1.   Classical Mongolian orthography has stayed unchanged for many centuries therefore we can compare the forms and structures of words from ancient Mongolian times with the equivalent words of other Altaic languages and restore them to a degree.

2.   Based on the fact that there are a number of Altaic language words match with the roots and structures of classical Mongolian words that follow orthographic rules which have been consistent until now shows the period they adapted classical Mongolian could be even earlier than previously speculated. Of course, precise historical grammatic research is requisite.

3.   As a result of this comparison, there is something I noticed about the origin of long vowels. Scholars theorize that in place of the long vowels of modem Mongolian, the classical Mongolian had the combination “V+C+V” and because of the stress put on the second vowel the consonant “y/g” weakened and slipped out and the vowels joined to become long vowels. There are also scholars who think that classical Mongolian did have long vowels but couldn’t be written with Mongolian script so were written as the combination “V+y/g+V”. According to this research there are many examples that prove classical Mongolian words with the form “V+g+V” were used instead of modem Mongolian long vowels. C.M. saya, Turkic, say; C.M. qayan, Turkic, qayan; C.M. buur-a, Turkic, buyra; C.M. sayam-a, Turkic, sayim; C.M. tegerm-e, Turkic, tegirman; C.M. birayu, Turkic, bi'zay.

4.   It is not permissible to view classical Mongolian orthography superficially as it holds the historical context and structure of Mongolian language. By comparing and examining classical Mongolian orthography in many different ways it is possible to determine which ones are ancient forms and which mles were made later on.

5.   The time when Buddhism first spread in Mongolia was when Sogd and Uighurs already had Buddhism and were using the predecessor language of Mongolian language. As Zava Damdin wrote sogd, uighur masters perhaps taught Buddhism in Uighur Mongolian script, there are numerous Sanskrit words related to Buddhism found in ancient Turkic language dictionary and their writing is dissimilar to the pronunciation of Sanskrit words of that period rather are the same or close to classical Mongolian spelling. This unmistakably shows it was left during when Uighurs were prospering in Mongolia.