Mongolian Studies

Монгол, тува бичгийн хэлний дундын үгийн бүтээврийн тохирол

Баасанбат Д. — 2023-04-27

В данной статье рассмотрен вопрос о совпадении морфем в пределах общих слов монгольского и тувинского письменного языка.

Также выявлены особенности чередования фонем, инверсии, прогрессивное и регрессивное ассимиляция гласных, заимствования в пределах общих слов в монгольском и тувинском языках.

Был составлен список из 2000 слов с целью восстановления и уточнения определенных периодов развития обоих рассматриваемых нами языков.

Орчин цагийн түрэг, монгол хэлний бодит өнгөрсөн цагийн тухай

Ууганбаяр М. — 2023-04-27

In modem Turkish and Mongolian concrete past aspectual temporal special meaning derives from the union of concrete factual aspectual meaning and simple past tense meaning. This meaning points out one event as a objective concrete independent past fact and as a realization of event in front of our eyes Concrete past meaning of verb can be expressed in modem Turkish by the indicative form of -di and in modem Mongolian by the indicative forms such as - laa,- v, -san.

Хүннү ба тоба хэлний таван үг

Батсүрэн Б. — 2023-04-27

ххх

Relative clauses in the Secret History of the Mongols

Suying Hsiao — 2023-04-27

This paper investigates relative clauses in the Secret History of the Mongols. Corpora of SHM compiled by the author were used and all relative clauses were tagged. Most cases of the relative clauses in SHM are pre-nominal or headless. Some relative clauses, however, appear after the head noun and occur in the sequence of “(Numeral, Determiner) Head RelativeClause”. We have also found some cases in which both the head and the relative clause bare the same Case marking. These clauses are nonrestrictive relative clauses, and their behavior in Case marking supports the analysis of treating a nonrestrictive relative clause as an appositional clause of the head noun. To sum up, there are two types of [...Head [Relative Clause]] sequences in SHM. One is the regular type in which the whole noun phrase takes one Case. In the other type the head noun and the relative clause are both Case-marked with the same Case, showing some sort of concordance. The former type is restrictive and the latter is appositional and non-restrictive.

Historical change of the Mongolian language and the relationship between the dialects in Mongolian No-geol-dae

Батхишиг С. — 2023-04-27

Generally, 17-18th century Mongolian central dialect differs greatly from modem Mongolian central dialect. Therefore, modem Mongolian central dialect Khalkha cannot be directly compared with features of Mongolian of that period. There were relatively small differences among Khalkha, Oirad, and inner Mongolian dialects, and also had much common characteristics with the dialects of Buriyad, Dagur, etc. of that period. That is, there were not many differences but relatively common characteristics rather than differences among the central dialects of Mongolia such as Khalkh, Tsahar, and Ordos, as well as among the eastern dialects such as Kharachin and Khorchin, and the western and northern dialects such as Oirad and Buriad. These dialects also all had the same written language. From the 17-18th century onward, however, they started evolving separately due to local influences. For example, from two versions of one word evolved due to vowel assimilation, one can be used actively in one dialect and the other can become outdated word in another dialect. The Khalkha dialect has a number of branches and local dialects and upon adopting cyrillic alphabet, additional real features of phonology were formed to an extent. For the most part, it’s from other modem dialects. Approximately until the late 19th century Khalkh dialect had similar phonetic characteristics with the Tsahar, Ordus dialects, etc.

Mongolian No-geol-dae, considering the publisher’s location, the epilogue, and the like, is clearly based on the dialects of Beijing Mongolians. In addition, from the linguistic characteristics of the source, it can be seen that to some extent that it was based on dialects of Beijing Mongolians, also known as turned into a half Manchu Mongols. Beijing Mongols of the period are divided into two subgroups. Both subgroups were heirs of Mongolian nobles in the Manchu imperial court and had assimilated and spoke Manchu influenced Mongolian and were part of the Eight Banners. Manchurian Eight Banners were divided into Manchus and Mongols. The Mongol Banners are removed and forgotten from Mongolian. But they are recorded in Manchu source Magad huuli' (Veritable Records of the Qing Dynasty), 'Daicin ulus-un tulyar toriig togtooson bodlogiin bicig' (Military annals of the foundation of the Qing Dynasty). Among them were even Khalkha Mongols, for instance in 1605, Khalkha Baygud tribe chief Engered surrendered to Manchuria and was incorporated into Eight Banners. Manchuria’s influence was great during this period, and with Mongolian chiefs such as the above had joined Manchuria with their tribes, it’s understable that Mongolists from other countries had more contact with Manchu-influenced Mongols. There are many occurances of Oirad, Ordus, Khorchin, Kharachin, Dagur dialects in Mongolian No-geol-dae. There are instances of Kharachin and Khorchin dialect words formed via progressive assimilation, Kharachin vowel alternation via long vowel labial harmony in Mongolian No-geol-dae. Furthermore, the fact that 6 from the modem Mongolian dialect was recorded the least amount of times is consistent with its absence in the Khorchin and Kharachin dialects. The phoneme allophone of Classical Mongolian a and palatalized vowel occuring in rounded vowel location also fits the characteristics of Korchin, Kharachin and

Tsahar dialects. Therefore, I concluded that Mongolian No-geol-dae was based on pronunciation of Kharachin and Khorchin dialects. As mentioned above, it needs to be ascertained with historical sources.

In Mongolian No-geol-dae, although many occurances of Ordus and Oirat dialects features exist, examples such as noun word final -n, which have been preserved unaltered in Oirat dialect until now, being dropped also occur. Hence, Oirat can be excluded from the dialects which Mongolian No-geol-dae was based on. Oirats had historical importance. Therefore it’s understandable that the characteristics of their dialect are accord with characteristics of many other dialects.

Kharachin and Khorchin dialect features have the most significant occurrences than any other dialects. Speakers of Kharachin and Khorchin dialects currently live in Jirim League, Kholon buir, Khar murun, Girin of Inner Mongolia. Kharachin and Khorchin dialect speakers or east Mongols are the second largest subgroup after the central dialect speakers (Moomoo 1982: 65).

Abbreviations

AM = Ancient Mongolian

baa = baarin

bar = barga

bur = buriad

ch = chakhar

C.M = Classical Mongolian dar = darkhat han = Hangul

IPA = International Phonetic Alphabet

kh = khalkha

khar = kharachin

khor = khorchin

MM = Middle Mongolian

MN = Mongolian No-geol-dae

MoM = Modem Mongolian

oir = oirat

ord = ordus

PM = Proto Mongolian

turn = tumet

xal = kalmuck

zax = zaxchin

Үйлээс үйл үг бүтээх дагаврын байрлалын тогтолцоо

Ганбаатар Ж. — 2023-09-08

The paper deals with the distribution of verb formation suffixes from verb and analyzes them in terms of their forward and backward relation to other suffixes in word structure based on some examples. In Mongolian, the occurence in which suffixes of the same parts of speech exist in a sequence of a word structure is uncommon than the occurence in which suffixes of different parts of speech are in the sequence of the word structure.

Үйлдүүлэх, үйлдэгдэх хэвийн дагавар бүхий хам бүтцийн утгын онцлог

Мөнгөнцэцэг Б. — 2023-04-27

In this paper, the author aims to explain regularities and linguistic and non-linguistic factors in defining differences in meaning manifested by the same grammatical relations, examples of constructions containing causative voice.

The description of sentence meaning and subject and object depend on whether the subject and object are Person-Person, Person-Animal, Person-Thing, Animal-Animal, Animal-Thing, Thing-Thing. Though the means of expression obey grammatical structures, it can be concluded that differences in meaning may be restricted by non-linguistic matters.

This is crucial to defining detailed differences in the meaning and function of suffixes indicating grammatical relations, equivalent sentence components, and structures. In particular, from the viewpoint of grammatical structure, exemplified sentences may be correct in form but semantically inappropriate due to non-linguistic factors.

Халх аялгуу дахь эшлэх үйл үг гэ-ийн үүрэг хэрэглээний тухай

Беньямин Брозиг — 2023-04-27

In this article, I give a concise preliminary overview of the functional range of the Khalkha Mongolian quotative verb ge- that is largely based on 3850 tokens of ge- retrieved from a spoken language corpus. Initially, there will be a brief overview of basic functions, including quotation with ge- as main verb or linker, its function in accommodating ideophones, and metalinguistic reference / naming. Secondly, there will be a discussion of different extended functions, namely such connected to (i) information structure, clause connection and text structuring, (ii) intention and its extensions such as forming purpose clauses, prospectives, and goal-benefactors, (iii) sentence-final stance marking (doubt, disagreement, correction, speaker and addressee surprise, anger), and (iv) arguable miscallenous functions (jussive, functive, reflexive, enumerative).

Монгол хэлний "odu-ā" хэмээх цагийн нэрийн утга, хэрэглээ

Бямбаханд Ч. — 2023-04-28

Clarifying the study on place-time relative nouns in Mongolian is significant for distinguishing the difference of meaning in other parts of speech. Place-time relative nouns in Mongolian have commonly been used by the surface and transformative structure but few theoretical and practical studies have been done. That’s why we have chosen this subject, “odu-a” is time relative nouns, which are included in an adverbial group, are not only complicated but also attention-grabbing subjects for the study of modem Mongolian.

Монгол хэлний тогтолцооны гурвал бүрэлдүүлбэр

Бадамдорж Д. — 2023-04-28

In this article, the author found that triple component is in Mongolian language system in the works of Mongolian linguist.

The phonological system is the subfoundation of language. It determines the material (phonetical) appearance of its significative units. The lexical system is the whole set of naming means of language, that is, words and stable word-groups. The grammatical system is the whole set of regularities determining the combination of naming means in the formation of utterances as the embodiment of thinking process.

The author notes that there is the triple component in linguistics levels such as Mongolian phonetics, phonology, graphemes, stylistics, lexicology, syntax, morphology, semantics, and dialectology.

It is said that this is basic concept for research and studies. For example, the vowel of the Mongolian language consists of three dashes: tooth, shin and belly.

"Саруул оюутны хүзүүний чимэг" толь бичгийн онцлог

Бүрнээ Д. — 2023-04-28

For centuries, Mongols have used reference books or dictionaries as a handbook when translating books and sutras on Buddhism. This article investigates the different features of the dictionary called "Intelligent Person's Necklace" (Intelligent Person's Necklace Elegant Pearl Rosary) written by Agvaandandar of Alashaa (1759-1840), a lexicographer of the 19th century, and identifies its differences by comparing pre and post dictionaries in terms of methodologies. This dictionary arranges headwords in the order of the Tibetan alphabet and as well as uses source texts to explain the words. The explanation is believed to play an important role in studying the relationship between lexicography and literature.

Цахим орчин дахь монгол хэл, бичгийн хэрэглээг медиа мониторингийн системээр шинэлэх нь

Мөнх-Учрал Э. — 2023-04-28

Орчин үед хэл, бичгийн хэрэглээ, хандлага, хувьсал өөрчлөлтийг хэл шинжлэл, цахим хэл шинжлэл, хиймэл оюун, нийгэм, социологи, маркетинг, хууль эрх зүй гээд маш олон талаас нь судалж байна. Ийн суддахад, сүүлийн үед янз бүрийн их хэмжээний өгөгдөл (Ы§ ба1а), түүнд тулгуурласан судалгааг чухалчилж байгаагийн дотор цахим орчны өгөгдлийн шинжилгээ (зос1а1 баЫ апа1у818) чухал байр суурь эзлэх болжээ. Тиймээс, энэхүү өгүүлэлд цахим орчноос монгол хэл, бичгийн өгөгдөл цуглуулахад медиа мониторингийн систем ашиглах боломжийг анхлан туршлаа. Кудос систем ашигпан Монголын бүх мэдээний сайт, бүх Жиргээний хаяг, Нүүр номын 10,000 гаруй нээлттэй тохиргоотой бүлгүүд, эдгээр эх сурвалж бүрд хамаарах олон сэтгэгдлээс 2020 оны 8.1-2020.11.1 хүртэлх 3 сарын хугацаанд нийтлэгдсэн, монгол гэсэн түлхүүр үг агуулсан 136,682 мэдээ, мэдээллээс 11,855,350 нэгж бүхий бодит, боловсруулаагүй өгөгдлийг бодит хугацаанд цуглуулсан. Эндээс өгөгдлийн боловсруулалт хийж 81,756 үгийн язгуур үндэс болон нөхцөлөөр хувилсан үгсийг гарган авлаа. Тус судалгаагаар, гадаад үгийн хэрэглээ толь бичигт орсноос 4-5 дахин их, алдаатай бичих нь зөв бичихээсээ бараг 50%-аар их байгааг харуулах болно.

Хоёрдогч хэл, соёл эзэмшихүйн асуудалд

Баттулга Чой. — 2023-04-28

ххх

БНХАУ-ын цөөнх үндэстний хэлний бодлогын тухай тоймлон өгүүлэх нь (1949-1959)

Уриа Э. — 2023-04-28

China has 55 ethnic minorities, accounting for 8% of China's total population. Some ethnic minorities have several dialects, while others have only one or two dialects. As for scripts, some minorities use two or more, while others have no script at the beginning. For example, Mongols have historically used a number of different scripts, including Uighur-Mongolian, Todo, and Soyombo, etc. While Dai ethnic minority of Yunnan Province of China has also used four different scripts. The People's Republic of China emphasizes the language equality of the nationalities, and has consistently upheld and protected the dialects and scripts of all minorities in its national laws and regulations.

The first decade of the founding of the People's Republic of China (1949-1959) was the beginning of the development and implementation of state policies on minority dialects and scripts. In this article, we provide an overview of the laws and regulations formulated and implemented by the Government of the People's Republic of China in 1949-1959 for the protection and development of minority dialects and scripts.

Монголын нууц товчооны монгол орчуулгын түүхийн асуудалд

Түвшинтөгс Б. — 2023-04-30

ххх

Цагаан сүлдийн алдагдсан дуудлагын хоёр хуулбарыг тодруулах нь

Бадамсамбуу Г. — 2023-05-01

Well-known Mongolian scholars B.Rinchen and Ts.Damdinsuren duplicated the sutra of White Spirit Sblde’s Eulogy (from the custody of the Vexillary) that had been remained in province of Warlord Lu (of Eljigen) in 1963 and turned into the research circulation. These duplications were observed comparatively. These duplications of the scholars are available to be considered as a certain resource for recognizing the importance and essentials of the ‘White Spirit Sblde’ which had been worshipped as the ‘Tug Spirit of Chinggis Khaan’. It is possible that the scholars’ duplications replaced ‘Amusing Sutra for Tug Sblde’ which is kept in and then lost from Central State Museum.

Нэрт эрдэмтэн Ё.Жанчивын хэл шинжлэлийн зарим бүтээлийн талаар товч өгүүлэх нь

Пүрэвжанцан А. — 2023-05-01

From an early age, he studied linguistic theory and methodology and the system of Mongol studies, and his best works on the historical sources of the Mongolian language became a table book for scholars and will undoubtedly be immortalized in the treasures of Mongol studies.

Үйл явдал

Монгол судлал — 2023-09-14

ххх

Шинэ ном

Монгол судлал — 2023-09-14

ххх

Хэвлэн нийтлэлийн шаардлага

Монгол судлал — 2023-09-14

ххх

Зохиогчдын танилцуулга

Монгол судлал — 2023-09-14

ххх

Монгол хэл, хэлшинжлэлийн тэнхимийн 75 жилийн ойд

Монгол судлал — 2023-09-14

Орос дахь монгол судлалын төвүүд

Даваасүрэн Б. — 2023-05-02

ххх

Унгар дахь монгол судлал

Төмөртогоо Д. — 2023-05-02

ххх

Нийслэлхүүгийн асуух өгүүлбэрийн эвдрэл: "Цааш нь ярих уу, яах уу?"

Лувсандорж Ж. — 2023-05-02

ххх

"Хэлмэгдсэн" шуудангийн маркийн нэгэн баримт

Сарантуяа Б. — 2023-05-02

According to the Resolution of the Politburo of the Central Committee of Mongolian Revolutionary Party of 14 February 1962, there released 4 series of postage stamps, 2 post cards and of First Day Cover (FDC) dedicated to the 800^th Anniversary of Genghis Khan, however, they were removed from sale and forbidden to be sold. During the period of such prohibition the government leaders of Mongolia and other foreign countries obtained such postage stamps for their private collection in compliance with the “Secret” order of the Minister of Communication of the People’s Republic of Mongolia number 173 on “Expenditure of stamps” dated 17 June 1974.

Since July 1989, the time of democratic reforms, marks have been returned to the sale market.

Н.Мөнхцэцэг, 'Нэр томьёоны орчуулга судлал'

Төмөртогоо Д. — 2023-05-02

ххх

Монголчуудын "Нялхсыг ухияах" зан үйл: Боржгин тайж нарын гэрийн аман уламжлал

Нандинбилиг Г. — 2023-05-01

In this article, we will study of ritual for naming infants of the Boijgin nobility “taij nar”, based on the oral tradition about familial rituals and ceremony “infant bathing” of the “taij nar” in the main bag (the smallest administrative unit of Mongolia) of the former Dalai Choinkhor Vang khoshuu of Sain Noyon Khan province - the current Zurkh bag of Galt sum, Khuvsgul province. This familial ceremony originates from its ancient times and it has changed significantly, some of the detail have been lost, but the original concept has been preserved. So the main rituals and symbols have been studied, some forgotten information has been learned from historical sources and earlier studied Buryat traditions, Mongolian children's cairn rituals and oral literature. The aim is to restore the literature works with examples of previously documented sutra of the big dipper (7 burhan) and the insurance and then the pray of the shaman.

"Жангар" туулийн хэл найруулгын зарим онцлог

Ван Мандуга — 2023-05-01

"Jangar" epic is one of the most valuable works of art of the Mongolian people. The main reason came down from the century to centuries of “Jangar” epic is the features of literary language and role description. The distinctive feature of the "Jangar" epithet is its main reason for centuries.

In addition, it is a valuable work in the history of the Mongols as well as the many distinctive features of society, nomadic culture and economy. The literary language has played an important role in literary content and art description. It shows that the literary language of "Jangar" epic is more important than the main content. The importance of language is directly related to the communication of the verb. Therefore, it is required to conduct essential research on the literary language of “Jangar” epic based on the purpose of listening to "Jangar" epic.

"Ардын дүрслэлийн хэл-8" буюу тоонолжин зам

Батжаргал Д. — 2023-05-01

In this paper, I wrote more examples which was choose examples from the Inner Mongolian people's oral tradition. Students sent me interesting idioms which are said in different local area. The most of examples were not published and introduced to the masses, so I have chosen some of them and explained comparing with words of modern Mongolian. Also I made criticism in the words which are used wrong among the mass and social media. Therefore, I would like to say some warning to the journalists who do not pay special attention for their own language clear and are not innovative to combat for our Mongolian language safety.

Зохиолч Л.Ванган ба "Эрхий Мажиг" (1965) туужийн гол дүрийн урлал

Галбаяр Г. — 2023-05-01

L.Vangan is famous representative of modern Mongolian literature. He was also a well-known producer of drama and movies. L. Vangan has written many works. L. Vangan expressed nomadic and modern life, psychological, and philosophical ideas in his writings. The novel "Erkhii Majig" is one of L.Vangan's famous novels. Writer L. Vangan wrote the main character in the novel "Erkhii Majig" in a very interesting way. The main character of this novel, Erkhii Majig, is a small but very intelligent man. He skillfully used the figurative imagery method to express the character of Erkhii Majig. Therefore, the role of Erkhii Majig is very important in modern Mongolian literature. Researchers believe that Majig is the writer L. Vangan himself. From this, it can be considered that the writer L.Vangan wrote his life in his novel "Erkhii Majig".

Д.Урианхайн жүжгийн зохиол дахь бэлгэдэл шинжийг шинжлэх нь

Мөчир — 2023-05-01

D.Uriankhai, a well-known Mongolian poet and writer of dramatic composition, began to try and write Dramatic composition in the 1990s, and in a short period of time he created many significant works that reflect the current situation and the human mind in a philosophical way.

The fact that it contains a lot of symbolic features is a big manifestation of the uniqueness of D.Uriankhai's dramatic composition. This symbol is reflected in the title of D.Uriankhai's dramatic composition and in the name, idea, character and events of the dramatic composition's protagonist.

D.Uriankhai's dramatic composition is characterized by a sharp symbolism, from the title of the play and the names of the main characters of the play to the events. It is also an important manifestation of the uniqueness of his playwriting and a major evolution in the methodology and design of traditional Mongolian play writing. He is also an important contributor to the development and reform of Mongolian literature.

Ф.М.Достоевскийн зохиол дах философийн үзэл санааны үүсэл хөгжлийн тухай

Хасбагана Н. — 2023-05-01

Dostoevsky’s every character in the novel is absorbed with the philosophical ideas. In the midst of a difficult life, his philosophical ideas were gradually formed from the Christian religion concepts, such as atonement, purity and faith in the power of pure heart. He made efforts to create a Russian religious ideology.

Махгалын "Уран заллага"-ын эгшиг тэмдэглэгээнд хийсэн шинжлэл

Даваапил П. — 2023-05-01

The rituals of wrathful deities, such as Ten Dharmapalas and praises of ten-direction and three- hour deities, such as Buddha Shakyamuni are recited from the third spread of Buddhism. In addition, their melodies were noted with special signs and symbols. Researches and surveys on the Buddhist melody-reciting are not much. Especially, there are few researches focusing to melodies in connection to its composition and notation. So, I tried in this article to study the melodies of Mahgal's "Urin Zallaga" with regard to its composition and notation. I chose some parts of scriptures of the wrathful deities of "Shankhin Baruun Khuree Monastery", "Gandan Tegchenling Monastery", "Lama Gegeen Monastery" and "Zuun Khuree Dashchoilin Monastery" as the main sources.

Үндэстний бие бялдрыг хөгжүүлэх биеийн тамирын сургуулийн биеийн тамирын урлаг соёлын үйл ажиллагааны хүрээнд хийж байгаа ажлууд

Хон Мей — 2023-05-02

ххх