Mongolian Studies

Гарчиг

2026-05-19T19:07:26+08:00

“Монголын Нууц Товчоо”-ны түүхэн ойролцоо ба эсрэг утгат нэгжийн тухай

2026-05-19T19:13:16+08:00

“Монголын Нууц Товчоо”-ны хэлний үгийн сангийн нэгж хоорондын шүтэлцсэн ойролцоо ба эсрэг утгат үг, хэлц, өгүүлбэр бол монгол хэлний түүхэн утга судлалын сонирхолтой баримт бөгөөд цаашид дэлгэрүүлэн судлууштай юм.
Дунд үеийн монгол хэлний утга судлалын судалгааны асуудлыг нарийвчлан судлахад “МНТ” болон бусад дурсгалын хэлний баримтууд чухал хэрэгтэйн дээр орчин үеийн онолын утга судлалын үзэл баримтлалын үүднээс гүнзгий судалгаа явуулах шаардлагатай гэж үзэв.
“МНТ”-ны хэлний олон нэгжийн ойролцоо ба эсрэг утгыг ажиглах явцад зохиогчид нь хэлний гүн гүнзгий мэдлэгтэй байсан нь илэрхий мэдэгдэж байна.

Монгол хэлний нэрийн орхил: Тодотголын орхил

2026-05-19T19:19:13+08:00

M.A.K.Halliday and Ruqaiya Hasan studied the system of the cohesion, published ‘Cohesion in English’, which included substitution, ellipsis, conjunction, and lexical cohesion. Linguists developed within the framework of Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) theory, also studied the cohesions of languages and are publishing many more research works. According to the theory, it is necessary to study the cohesion of the Mongolian language, and its meaning in the text. We explained examples of nominal ellipsis in Mongolian language.

Манж бичгийн хэлний холбох үгс

2026-05-19T19:23:43+08:00

В алтаистике актуальным является вопрос об общей типологии и особенностях синтаксиса алтайских языков, что требует тщательного сравнительного изучения союзов в языках, входящих в эту группу.
В данной статье представляем наше видение о грамматическом значении, грамматической функции и об основных признаках союзов манчжурского языка, которые были проштудированы по тематическим словарям, грамматикам манчжурского языка и часто встречающиеся в письменном манчжурском языке. Поскольку в манчжурском языке как таковых исконных союзов нет, они часто выражаются союзными словами, образованными от указательных местоимений с падежными аффиксами, деепричастиями от вспомогательных глаголов, глаголом-корнем se- (гэ-), а также союзами путём конверсии.
Грамматическая функция, грамматическое отношение, структура и употребление весьма схожи с монгольским языком. Поэтому представляется возможным классифицировать их как в монгольском языке: по словообразованию – производные и непроизводные, по структуре – простые и сложные, по значению – сочинительные и подчинительные. Общность грамматического значения и употребления союзных слов монгольского и манчжурского языков – это результат взаимовлияния этих языков? Это вопрос дальнейших исследований.

Харилцаа яриан дахь эрэгтэй, эмэгтэй хүний хариу үйлдэл үзүүлэх үг хэллэгийн хэрэглээ

2026-05-19T19:28:38+08:00

Within the field of sociolinguistics, gendered language variation has been systematically investigated since the 1970s. Numerous studies based on cross-linguistic evidence have demonstrated that male and female speakers exhibit differences at the levels of phonology, grammar, lexicon, and discourse style. However, in the case of Mongolian, empirical research examining gender-based differences in language use-particularly at the level of spoken discourse-remains limited.
Short responses such as aankhan [aːŋχʰən], mkhn [mːχʰŋ], za [ʦaː], and tiim [tʰiːm], which are frequently used in conversational interaction, function as discourse-supporting devices known as minimal responses or backchannels. These forms serve important pragmatic functions, including signaling active listenership, encouraging the speaker to continue, and indicating comprehension or alignment. Despite their significance in discourse, the gendered use of such forms has not yet been systematically examined in Mongolian linguistic research.
This study therefore investigates how minimal responses (backchannel devices) are employed by male and female speakers in conversational interaction. The analysis is based on a spoken corpus drawn from the television program “Tengisiin Ereg Deerh 24/7” broadcast by Central Television. The program was selected as research material primarily because it features a balanced proportion of male and female participants, allowing for a reliable gender-based comparison.
The findings indicate that female speakers use backchannel forms more frequently than male speakers in conversational contexts. Moreover, the pragmatic interpretation and perceived meaning of these forms differ according to gender. These results are consistent with the theoretical perspectives proposed by Victor H. Yngve (1970), Judith Maltz and Ruth Borker (1982), Deborah Tannen (1990), and Jennifer Coates (1996) regarding gender differences in conversational style.
Overall, this study represents one of the first empirical attempts to examine gendered discourse patterns in Mongolian and contributes to expanding both the theoretical and practical scope of gender-based sociolinguistic research in the language.

Казах хүний нэр ба соёл судлалын асуудал

2026-05-19T19:33:18+08:00

В настоящее время ономастика является одним из актуальных вопросов лингвистики, поскольку представляет собой важный пласт лексики любого языка. В данной статье мы рассмотрели антропонимику казахов. Само исследование может стать ключевым для осознания менталитета и специфики мышления кочевой цивилизации, но и, более того, подобные исследования станут важным толчком при решении вопросов исторического развития языка в области фонетики, лексикологии, морфем, заимствований.

Албан байгууллагын хаяг, зар сурталчилгааг хэрэглээний хэл шинжлэлийн үүднээс судлах нь (Дархан-Уул аймгийн жишээгээр)

2026-05-19T19:38:51+08:00

In today’s society, organizational signage and advertisements serve not only as tools for providing information but also as essential factors reflecting an organization’s reputation, professional standards, and communication with clients. Although Mongolia has established standards related to organizational signage (MNS 5283:2022), the implementation of these standards in rural areas remains relatively weak, with insufficient monitoring and regulation. Darkhan-Uul Province, being a highly populated region with concentrated sectors such as industry, education, and services, still lacks sufficient research on the quality, linguistic accuracy, and standard compliance of organizational signage. Therefore, this study aims to examine the current state of signage among enterprises and organizations operating in Darkhan-Uul Province, identify common errors and inconsistencies, and contribute to improving the implementation of national signage standards.

Өвөр Монголын баримжаа аялгууны хүүрнэх өгүүлбэрийн өргөлтийн байрын шинжлэл

2026-05-19T19:44:13+08:00

Бидний энэ удаагийн судалгаанд монгол хэлний харилцан адилгүй бүтэцтэй хүүрнэх өгүүлбэрийн MaxF0 ба MinF0 хэмжигдэхүүн ба өндрийн хүрээ цараанд дууны ухааны авиа зүйн онол, аргаар задлан шинжлэл хийснээр өгүүлбэрийн бүтэц ба өгүүлбэрийн өндрийн шугамын хувиралтын хооронд нягт харьцаатай байгаа нь тогтоогдов. Энэхүү онцлогоос монгол хэлний өгүүлбэрийн өргөлтийн байр тогтвортой биш харин өгүүлбэрийн бүтцийн хувиралтыг дагалдан хөдөлгөөнтэйгөөр хувирч байна. Өгүүлбэр дэх MaxF0 хэмжигдэхүүн нь өгүүлбэрийн шинэ нэмэгдсэн гишүүний дээр байрлаж, өгүүлбэрийн бүтэц дэх шинэ гишүүний нэмэгдэл нь өгүүлбэрийн өргөлтийн байрыг хувирахад нөлөөлж байна. Өгүүлбэрийн шинэ гишүүний нэмэгдлийг дагалдан өгүүлбэрийн өргөлт нь шинэ гишүүн дээр оногдох боловч MaxF0 хэмжигдэхүүнд зохих хэмжээний хувиралт гарч байна. Үүнээс гадна, өгүүлбэр уртсахын хэрээр өгүүлбэрийн өндрийн хүрээ цараа мэдэгдэхүйц нэмэгдэж байна.

Язгуурын бүтэц болон холбогч элемент

2026-05-19T19:50:58+08:00

The structure, distribution, and meaning of word roots in Mongolian have been the subject of extensive study for many years. Most scholars agree that the structure of Mongolian word roots can be categorized as VC, VCV, VCV, CV, CVCV, and CVC. However, some researchers argue that root morphems in Mongolian are limited to the structures V and CV. While the CV structure is quite common in Mongolian, but it is difficult to accept the notion that all Mongolian word roots conform exclusively to this pattern. Furthermore, there are not available instances of roots consisting of a single vowel in Mongolian, with the notable exception of the Ancient Mongolian auxiliary verb *a-. Therefore, it is essential to clarify the structure of word roots and derivative roots in the Mongolian language.

Монгол хэлний нийлмэл эгшгийн бүтэц

2026-05-19T21:41:23+08:00

There is still a question whether the compound vowels ia, io, and iu of the Mongolian language are independent phonemes or allophones, and whether the allophone is single vowels or diphthongs. Therefore, this time we aim to clarify these acoustic features and explain the change of vowel formants to prove whether they are phoneme or allophone. In traditional phonetics, the compound vowel ia, io, iu are considered differently as a diphthongs, long vowels etc. The results of the present study show that these vowels show the phonetic value of gliding with long vowel as well as the phonetic value of single long vowel. The phonetic value of single long vowel is shorter than vowel length of uncompounded long vowels of Mongolian language. Also, gliding with long vowel ia, io, iu devoicing the preceding consonant, and as a result of this dissimulation, the consonant allophone is formed.

Монгор хэлний минхэ аялгууны нийлмэл эгшиг

2026-05-19T21:49:34+08:00

Монгор хэлний минхэ аялгуунд түүнтэй ижил нэгэн хэлэнд харьяалагдах хожо аялгуунаасаа ялгагдах өдий төдий өвөрмөц зүйл оршдогийг бид дээрх агуулгад дурдсан билээ. Ялангуяа тус аялгууны нийлмэл эгшгийн тархалт, дууны өнгө, авиалбарын тоо, жич тэдгээрийн хожо аялгуу ба бусад монгол төрөл хэл аялгуунуудын харгалзах харьцаа нь цөм шинжилгээний хүрээнийхний гүнзгийрүүлэн судлууштай асуудал болох юм.
Бидний туршилтийг үндэслэвэл, минхэ аялгуунд нэлээд элбэг мөртөө хувиралт олонтой нийлмэл эгшгийн систем оршдог. Тухайлбал: [ɐi], [ɛi], [iɐ], [iə], [iu], [iʉ], [ɤu], [oɐ], [ʊʌ], [ʊɐ], [ʌu], [ui], [oi], [ɵi], [ʊɐi], [iʌo] зэрэг нийлмэл эгшиг авиа илэрсэн байна. Эдгээр авиаг /ɐi/, /iɐ/, /iə/, /iu/, /ɤu/, /oɐ/, /ʌu/, /ui/, /oi/, /ʊɐi/, /iʌo/ зэрэг авиалбарт тус тус хамаарна. Хувилбарууд нь голдуу зэргэлдээх авианы нөлөө, үгэнд илэрсэн байр зэрэг хэлний орчны шалтгаанаас болж үүссэн нөхцөлт хувилбар болох юм. Форматын тархалтын байдлаас үзвэл, зарим [u]-гээр төгссөн эгшгийг үзвэл, нийлмэл эгшгийн тогтвортой хэсэг зонхилох байдал дор төгсгөлийн хэсэгт нь байдаг. Дууны уртын хувьд үгийн эцэст илрэх нийлмэл эгшгийн урт нь нийтдээ үгийн эцсийн бус байранд илрэх нийлмэл эгшгээс урт. Нийлмэл эгшиг аль ч байранд илэрсэн төгсгөлийн хэсгийн урт нь хамгийн урт байдаг. Дууны хүч ба өндрийн хувьд, хүчийн оргил цэг нь зонхилох байдал дор шилжилтийн хэсэгтээ төвлөрч байна. Өндрийн оргил цэг нь голдуу шилжилтийн хэсэг буюу эхлэлтийн хэсэгтээ төвлөгдөг.
Дээрх мэтээр бид монгор хэлний минхэ аялгууны нийлмэл эгшиг авианы системийг хураангуйлан тогтоож, тэдгээрийн шинж чанарыг нь тодорхойлов. Дараачийн алхамд тухайн аялгууны нийлмэл эгшгийг монгол төрөл хэлний хэмжээнд авч үзэж харгалзах авиануудын хооронд тохиролцох харьцааг илрүүлэн, монгол төрөл хэлний нийлмэл эгшиг, урт эгшгийн адил бус хэлний систем дэх хөгжилтийн чиглэл, жам ёсыг хураангуйлан гаргахыг зорих болно. Ингэснээр хамаа бүхий судалгааны монгор хэлний авианы системийн гүн давхаргын зүй тогтлыг илрүүлэхэд тустай бөгөөд монгол төрөл хэл аялгуунуудын авианы түүхийн судалгаанд үнэ цэнтэй баримт хангаж чадах нь лавтай юм.

Суралцагчийн өөрийн үнэлгээ ба монгол хэлний сурлагын амжилтын хамаарал (Нийгэм хэл шинжлэлийн үүднээс)

2026-05-19T22:04:03+08:00

This study examines how students’ self-assessment influences their academic achievement in Mongolian language from a sociolinguistic perspective. While traditional educational research typically interprets self-assessment in relation to psychological and instructional factors, this article is distinguished by its integration of sociolinguistic factors such as learners’ linguistic environment, language use, participation in communication, and linguistic capital.
The study involved a total of 38,575 students from Ulaanbaatar and rural areas. Based on survey data and secondary data, the analysis was conducted using SPSS 22. The results indicate that students’ abilities in information processing, problem-solving, classroom participation, and teamwork are closely associated with their self-assessment and, consequently, have a positive impact on their academic achievement. Furthermore, these abilities are not merely individual competencies but are directly related to learners’ linguistic environment and their level of participation in social interactions.
The findings demonstrate that the quality of Mongolian language education should not be evaluated solely based on learning outcomes; rather, it must also be considered in relation to social linguistic conditions, communicative participation, and linguistic resources.

Монгол хэлний орны утгат үгээр танин мэдэхүйн зүйрлэл илрэх нь

2026-05-19T22:09:04+08:00

This paper examines spatial–temporal relational nouns in contemporary Mongolian from the perspective of cognitive linguistics, drawing on the framework of Conceptual Metaphor Theory proposed by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The study analyzes idiomatic expressions containing spatial terms extracted from the Electronic Explanatory Dictionary of the Mongolian Language and various Mongolian idiom dictionaries. These expressions were selected and examined to identify the relationship between their literal and metaphorical meanings.
Based on the theory of embodied cognition, the study demonstrates that spatial terms such as deer (above), door (below), ömno (in front), hoino (behind), dotor (inside), gadna (outside), naana (this side), and tsaana (that side) function not only to denote physical location but also as fundamental cognitive mechanisms for conceptualizing abstract domains. These include social hierarchy, value judgments, emotions, morality, temporal relations, and life processes.
The findings indicate that vertical spatial metaphors (UP–DOWN) are particularly prominent in Mongolian, reflecting the conceptual pattern GOOD IS UP / BAD IS DOWN. In addition, terms such as dotor (“inside”) frequently realize the CONTAINER metaphor, conceptualizing the human mind and emotions as an internal space (e.g., THE MIND IS A CONTAINER). The study further reveals that spatial oppositions form a system of binary cognitive organization in Mongolian conceptualization.
Overall, the results demonstrate that spatial–temporal relational nouns constitute core conceptual structures through which abstract meanings are expressed in Mongolian. These linguistic units reflect a strongly embodied and anthropocentric cognitive pattern, highlighting the role of bodily experience in structuring Mongolian linguistic and conceptual systems.

Редакцын зөвлөл

2026-05-19T19:04:26+08:00

Зохиогчдын танилцуулга

2026-05-19T23:19:05+08:00

Хэвлэн нийтлэлийн шаардлага

2026-05-19T23:22:08+08:00

Александр ба Монголчууд

2026-05-19T23:14:32+08:00

Сонгодог монгол бичигийнхээ уламжилалыг хадгалая

2026-05-19T23:04:29+08:00

The Written Mongolian language originated from the ancient Uighur script, which originally contained only 14 letters. The Mongols adopted and modified it based on their own dialect, expanding it to a total of 123 syllabic letters by the beginning of the 14th century. A number of inscriptions, xylographs, and manuscripts written in this script have been preserved. Since then, the Mongols have continually refined the script, developing it into a comprehensive written language and producing hundreds of works, including Buddhist teachings, classical works of Buddhist philosophy, linguistic studies, historical records, legal texts, literature, and official records. All these documents are precious monuments of Classical Mongolian.
However, since the last century, there has been a tendency to alter the traditional orthography to reflect spoken pronunciation. As a result, the structure of roots, stems, suffixes, and affixes has been disrupted. It is therefore essential to preserve and strictly maintain the traditional orthography of Classical Mongolian.

Англи хэл – соёлт эрдэмтдийн морин хуурын талаарх судалгааны товч тойм

2026-05-19T23:09:33+08:00

Official translations of music-academic research from English into Mongolian are quite scarce. However, today anyone, regardless of their level of education, who has access to the internet can easily get acquainted with any information in the world’s languages in their native language with the help of AI or translation programs. At the moment, due to the imperfection of the translation program into Mongolian and the inaccuracy of term selection, it does not yet fully meet the needs of the academic community in the field of musicology. Acquiring and Access to highly specialized research, especially rare antiquarian books, is difficult to obtain in the conditions of Mongolian life due to the limitation of global payment through PayPal and the impossibility of direct delivery from the Amazon network.
The above-mentioned obstacles forced the author of this article to write this extensive panorama on the study of Morin Khuur in the English-speaking scholarly community. This article mainly touched on American and British scientists who devoted work to morin khuur. Today, the name of the British scholar, Professor of Ethnomusicology Carole Pegg, and the American professor, for the first time published a book in English about Morin Khuur, Peter Marsh, has become iconic in the field of World Mongol Studies. Of course, in this article I touched upon the work of the famous Swedish music researcher Ernest Emsheimer (1904 – 1989), the French Orientalist Roberte Hamayon (1939-2025), Isabel Wong, and other scholars who carefully studied the Mongolian musical tradition, including the heritage of the Morin Khuur.

“Лүн Фү сэ-ийн Гэсэр”-ийн туужийн бичгийн сурвалжийн асуудалд

2026-05-19T22:14:02+08:00

This article aims to clarify how the novel “Lun Fu Se’s Geser”, a variant of the mongolian “Geser tuuj”, was mongolized, and its motif, mongolian verse system, imagery, and interrelationships with the source texts, using the theory and method of literary textual studies. First of all, it is clear that it was composed at the same time as the historical sources transmitted in the classical mongolian script. The authors of the source texts of this period mentioned that they used the previous texts in some way. Although these sources were composed by different people at a certain time, there is a need to study the issues of continuity and mutual influence that the composition and motif were transmitted from the previous period from the perspective of textual studies. The results of the study confirm that there is a common pattern in which the structure, rhythm, and meaning of the poems are similar in subsequent original texts, using the method of repeating and enriching the plot, characters, motif, language, content, and form when re-transforming the original.

Монголын уран зохиолын дотоод харилцаа холбооны тухай асуудалд

2026-05-19T22:24:55+08:00

This article expands the content and scope of the concept and term “Mongolian Literary Interactions”, first formulated by Academician Ts. Damdinsüren (1987) and classifies Mongolian literary interactions into external and internal; distinguishes external interactions into Eastern and Western; classifies internal interactions into covert and overt; classifies covert interactions into response literature and related literature; classifies overt interactions into imitative writings and plagiarized writings; within imitative writings, distinguishes between sequential imitative writing and example-based imitative writing; within plagiarized writings, distinguishes between directly plagiarized and indirectly plagiarized; within directly plagiarized writings, distinguishes between edited plagiarism and paraphrased plagiarism; classifies indirectly plagiarized writings into inspired and parodied; and attempts to explain these classifications with appropriate evidence.
This article thus offers new Mongolian terminology for identifying, analyzing, and discussing both original and unoriginal writing in Mongolian literary contexts. It is hoped that this new terminology for describing varying degrees of copied works will increase awareness in Mongolia about the plagiarism spectrum and ways to identify plagiarized writing.

Монгол домог зүй дахь нохойны дүр, бэлгэдэл

2026-05-19T22:34:08+08:00

The symbolism of dogs in Mongol myths is analyzed in this paper by explaining the meanings of Mongolian idioms through mythological narratives. According to Mongolian myths, the dog is an archetypical character that becomes indebted to humans after being remiss with his duties. The dog is depicted as a creature that owes a life to humans, and only by devoting his life to the good of humans can he be liberated from the burden and entitle himself to be reincarnated as a human. In the creation myth, the dog’s character is depicted as a casualty in the conflict between God and the Devil that transpired during the process of human creation. Although the dog was tasked to protect humans from the Devil, he neglected his duties and was punished by God.
During the domestication of dogs, yellow-coated dogs became a symbol of social status and were deeply tied to aristocratic culture. As the relationship between humans and dogs deepened, the mythical dog became the dog of traditions, enriching the dog’s character. Mongolians started to symbolize loyalty and vigilance through the dog.

Бүжгийн судлал дахь фото зургийн нотолгооны загвар: Т.Туулын Монголын балет (2022) номын фото эхэд хийсэн контент шинжилгээ

2026-05-19T22:39:53+08:00

Dance, as an art form that exists only in the moment of performance and is inherently ephemeral, has long posed one of the most complex challenges in dance studies in terms of systematic and scientifically grounded documentation. This article employs the photographic images included in T. Tuul’s Mongolian Ballet (2022) as primary research material and investigates the potential of photography as a form of scientific evidence for revealing dance history, movement vocabulary, stage–spatial composition, visual symbolism, and socio-ethnographic data.
The study develops and implements a new methodological framework termed the Dance Photographic Evidence Model (DPEM), which operates across four analytical levels: (1) Movement–Technique, (2) Scenography–Space, (3) Iconography–Color–Costume, and (4) Socio–Ethnography. A distinctive feature of this model is its triangulation method, whereby findings are validated through the comparative integration of photographic, textual, and oral sources.
The analysis demonstrates that photography should not be regarded merely as supplementary illustrative material in dance research; rather, it constitutes an independent source containing multi-layered data, capable of substantiating historiography, visual culture, and institutional development. This study offers an original contribution, grounded in Mongolian material, to the historiography of Mongolian ballet, the study of visual archives, and the theoretical and methodological discourse of international dance scholarship.

Монгол, тува “Илжгэн чихт хаан” үлгэрийн харьцуулал

2026-05-19T22:48:47+08:00

This paper presents a comparative analysis of the descriptions of the Mongolian Tuvinian fairy tales Илжгэн чихт хаан Элчиген Кулак Хаан “King with donkey ears”. This fairy tale is widely circulated, there is a fabulous traditions of Mongolian and Tuvinian peoples. We also have compared the Mongolian and Tuvinian fairy tales Илжгэн чихт хаан Элчиген Кулак Хаан “King with donkey ears” with Azerbaijani Isgəndərin buynuzu “Horns of Iskander”. As for us, these fairy tales in Mongolian and Turkish fabulous tradition has undergone a certain transformation, but the plot kept general international structural basis, which is natural for the world of folklore.

Үгэн наадгай “дэмбээ”, түүний төрөл зүйлийн онцлог, утга бэлгэдлийг тодруулах нь

2026-05-19T22:54:38+08:00

During the summer and autumn airak feasts, when there is an abundance of airak and milk, the Mongols engage in the playing of Dembé. This is a game that is played with the fingers and involves the repeating words in rhymes. The primary objective is to compel one’s opponent to consume as much airak as possible. Dembe, being a type of oral folk art, has elements of humor, performance, and competition aimed at developing speech, dexterity, and quick-wittedness, when two opponents try to guess how many fingers the other will show and attack each other with rhymes. The article examines the genre of oral folk art known as Dembe, highlighting its varieties, genre characteristics, and symbolic meaning through its rhymes, rules, taboos, and rituals. This game is directly linked to the culture of horse breeding and airak consumption, and over time has become one of the rituals for accumulating wealth and ensuring the prosperity of livestock.