Анагаахын дискурс, бүтцийн өөрчлөлт: Анагаахын хүртэхүйн хувьслын талаарх М.Фукогийн үзэл

Abstract

The Medical Discourse and Its Structural Transformation: M. Foucault's View on the Evolution of Medical Perception Michel Foucault (1926–1984), a cultural theorist and historian, was a key figure in the philosophy of history. This article examines the medical discourse and structural transformations discussed in his seminal work The Birth of the Clinic: An Archaeology of Medical Perception (1963). Foucault analyzes the evolution of French medicine from the 18th to the early 19th century, focusing on medical discourse. He attributes the rapid advancement of medical knowledge during this period to physicians’ treatment records, written less than a century apart. Foucault argues that early medical knowledge was traditionally transmitted vertically, from teacher to student. However, he identifies a shift in the early 19th century, driven by the growing influence of experiential knowledge and structural changes in medical practices. Foucault also explores the rise of proto-clinics, institutions designed to systematically disseminate medical knowledge, and offers a unique explanation of the changing roles of the patient and disease in clinical and proto-clinical settings.