XYI-XYIII зууны үеийн монгол хууль цаазын бичгүүд дэх байгаль хамгаалах үзэл санаанд бурхны шашны сургаал нөлөөлсөн нь

Abstract

Influence of the Buddhist teaching on nature conservation concepts reflected in Mongolian legal documents in XVI-XVIII centuries

As naturalists see, the reason for an increasing number and frequency of various natural disasters faced by the mankind is related not only to natural phenomena, but a human overconsumption and human activities that harm the nature. They view that it became the main condition for destruction of the virgin state of the mother nature, which is the basic condition of human existence. That is why

the mankind as a whole is steadily taking measures to preserve the earth and prevent loss of its resources.
Organizations responsible for protecting the world's cultural heritage have taken into account the fact that environmentally friendly knowledge and methods are preserved in an open and hidden forms in the traditional knowledge, culture, lifestyle and behavior of the people. They research it, disseminate results to the general public and work to bring nature conservation to a new level. The UN agency on Education, Culture and Science - UNESCO is a clear example of this, and universities and research institutions play a special role in this. In general, applying any knowledge meaningfully to oneself and the mother earth is the basic requirement of knowledge application. Mongols have had a variety of knowledge, methods and practices for nature conservation. The concepts, methods, and practices of nature conservation were legalized to support nomadic economy and lifestyle, which was reflected in the legal documents of the Mongolian state, starting with the Ikh Zasag- Yasa- the Code of Laws and Ordinances by Chingis Khaan. In addition, the concept of nature protection and articles in those laws have been influenced by the Buddhist concepts, which have been introduced in Mongolia earlier.

Especially the third wave of Buddhism in Mongolia was wider in scope compared to the previous two periods. It spread among the whole nation, not limited only to the circle of kings and noblemen and was adapted and developed in the everyday lives of Mongolian. In other words, one of the ways in which the teachings of Buddha have influenced all spheres of life for Mongols was the concept of communicating with the nature and lovingly protecting it, which is illustrated by legal sources such as the Khalkha Law.

The present article examines how the teachings of this religion were reflected in the nature conservation ideas of Mongolians, based on relevant legal documents during the third wave of Buddhism in Mongolia.