СЕКУЛЯРИЗМ БА ТӨР, СҮМ ХИЙДИЙН ХАРИЛЦАА

Abstract

This article analyzes the concept of the separation of state and religion, or secularism, from theoretical and methodological perspectives. It examines the extent to which the state and religious institutions can exist independently, as well as the regulatory mechanisms designed to prevent the emergence of mutual dependence between them. Within this framework, the study explores the characteristics of secular state models, the forms and limitations of implementing the principle of separation, and the political consequences of these arrangements through a theoretical comparative analysis with other countries.

This article was completed through a comparative analysis of France, Japan, and Mongolia. In order to more precisely determine how the legal regulation of relations between the state and religious institutions is implemented in practice, examples from countries with established secular traditions were examined and analyzed. The French model of laïcité is characterized by a strict separation of the state from religion, whereas the Japanese model, although influenced by historical traditions and customary practices, adheres to the principle of state neutrality in religious affairs within the framework of its modern Constitution. These examples provide an opportunity to conduct a comparative evaluation of the strengths and weaknesses of Mongolia’s legal system, as well as the practical conditions for the implementation of secularism. Therefore, it is necessary to study and analyze this issue in greater depth.