ПСИХОАНАЛИЗ ХӨДӨЛГӨӨН, ТҮҮНИЙ ТҮҮХ-ХӨГЖИЛ

Франц дахь психоанализын хөгжил: Ж.Лакан

Abstract

This paper will introduce psychoanalytic movement and its development through its successors' biography and their theory.
Since 1902, the psychoanalytic movement started to extend its circle actively. In this early period of the history of psychoanalytic movement, the central event has been taken between K.G.Jung, who was the center of the Zurich circle, and S.Freud regarding to their friendship and a conflict between their theoretical status on the libido theory.
To France, psychoanalysis was introduced by Henri Claude in 1920. In this paper, I introduce J.Lacan, representing him as one of the leading psychoanalyst in the history of French psychoanalysis. By tracing his lead to the psychoanalysis we will be able to understand his role and policy for the development of psychoanalysis. Also, I introduce his theory of ''Mirror Stage'' which he presented it in Marianbard in 1936, and re-presented it in Zurich in 1949.
The theory of ''Mirror Stage'' is relies on evidence drawn from psychological experiment on chimpanzee and human child. This has shown that a child of between 6 and 18 months old recognizes himself in the image of his body as its reflected in a mirror. Moreover, this recognition produces a clearly observable jubilation in the child.
Lacan says, ''The jubilant assumption of his specular image by the kind of being-still trapped in his motor impotence and nursling dependence-the little man is at the infans stage thus seems to me to manifest in an exemplary situation the symbolic matrix in which the I is precipitated in a primordial form, prior to being objectified in the dialectic of identification with the other, and before language restores to it, in the universal, its function as subject''. When the child sees himself in a mirror, he identifies himself with a reflection in the mirror. This identification with the specular image develops an imaginary image for the child. It leads to the development of a sense of self, anticipating a kind of unity or self identity. ''In the child, the mirror image has to be ratified by a person of importance to the child''. This ratification associates with the ego-ideal. A child internalizes its parents ideals and judges itself in accordance with those ideals.