Diplomatic relations with the Churches of Armenia under the Mongol rule Chadankhuu.A, Oyunsuren.S, Bayarsaikhan.D

Abstract

This study delves into the religious relationships between the Mongols and Armenians in the 13th century, comparing them to the ties between Byzantine, Georgian Christians and Armenian Christians. By focusing on key figures such as the priests of Apostolic Church, Prince Awag of Greater Armenia, King Hetum of Cilicia and Mongolian Nestorian aristocrats, it uncovers how religious diplomacy and political alliances formed. The research also examines how the Mongols’ legal systems, such as the El Tamgha decree and the Yasaq of Chinggis Khan, provided certain freedoms and protections for Armenian Christians. These policies not only safeguarded Armenian religious practices but also encouraged collaboration between Mongolian Nestorian leaders and Armenian clergy. This comparison offers insight into how Mongol-Armenian religious relations were distinct from those with Byzantium, reflecting the Mongols’ pragmatic approach to governance and religion.