Хүн худалдаалахтай тэмцэх олон улсын эрх зүйн зохицуулалт

Abstract

This article examines the evolution of international legal regulation aimed at combating human trafficking from the early abolitionist movements to the contemporary global legal framework. It traces historical developments beginning with the 1807 British Abolition Act and early bilateral treaties to suppress the transatlantic slave trade, followed by the first multilateral instruments addressing the “white slave trade” in the early 20th century. The study highlights the major conventions adopted under the League of Nations, including the 1921 Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women and Children and the 1926 Slavery Convention, which broadened the legal scope by defining slavery and prohibiting related practices. It further analyzes United Nations–era advances, such as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the 1949 Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons, subsequent conventions addressing forced labour and modern slavery-like practices, and specialized treaties protecting women and children. Particular emphasis is placed on the 2000 Palermo Protocol, which established the first comprehensive international definition of human trafficking and introduced a three-pillar approach: prevention, victim protection, and prosecution. The article also reviews policy trends, notable international initiatives, and good practices, as well as mechanisms for cooperation among states and non-state actors. Overall, the study underscores the progressive expansion and consolidation of international legal norms against human trafficking and the growing recognition of shared responsibility in addressing this transnational crime.