Regarding Recent Epigraphic Discoveries Dated to Ancient Turkic and Uighur Periods in Mongolia

Abstract

In Mongolia, researchers have recently discovered and recorded written doc-uments and other historical artifacts from the ancient Turkic and Uighur peri-ods, including runic inscriptions on rocks. Between 2023 and 2025, twenty inscriptions were discovered and studied by researchers, as indicated by available documents and reports. A total of seven inscriptions were discov-ered in 2023: the Baga Khürkhree Inscription, the Ikh Duut Inscription, the Khürmen Khad Inscription, the Khürmen Mukhar Inscription, the Nogoon Uul II and III Inscriptions, and the second fragment of the Nomgon Inscription (Kutlug Khagan Inscriptions). 2022 marked the discovery of the initial segment of the Nomgon Inscription (Kutlug Khagan Inscription), while 2023 marked the discovery of the second fragment. Nevertheless, the discovery of thirteen in-scriptions from only one area in 2024 and 2025 has piqued the interest of researchers. Their identified aimags can be used to evaluate the twenty runic inscriptions that were discovered in Mongolia between 2023 and 2025. Sev-enteen inscriptions were discovered in the Övörkhangai aimag, two in the Khentii aimag, and one, the second fragment of a previously discovered in-scription, in the Arkhangai aimag. The nineteen inscriptions that have been discovered in Mongolia over the recent three years will be the subject of this study, which will include readings and general information.