Нийгэм-сэтгэлзүйн орчин бa эрүүл мэндийн уялдаа холбооны асуудалд

Interconnectedness of the psychosocial environment and health

Abstract

The term “psychosocial environment” defines the socio-structural range of opportunities that is available to an individual person to meet his or her needs of well being, productivity and positive self experience (especially self-efficacy and self-esteem). Thus, the psychosocial environment points those links between personal needs and socio-structural opportunities that available through core social roles, such as the marital role, work role or civic roles. To analyse protective and damaging effects on health produced by psychosocial environment, theoretical models are needed to identify the resulting human emotions in more accurate way.  Negative emotion caused by an adverse psychosocial environment in the long-run contributes to the development of stress-related physical (especially cardiovascular risks and diseases) and mental (especially depressive) disorders and diseases. The influence of psychosocial factors at work on health has been studied extensively of the last decades, in particular with a respect to two theoretical models of stress at work, the demand-control model and the effort-reward imbalance model . These two models of an adverse psychosocial work environment complement each other. They offer opportunities of combining information on work stress and health as conditions of low control and low reward often occur simultaneously in the same work environments.  A majority of these studies have focused in cardiovascular diseases but several other health outcomes have been examined as well, including self-rated health, sickness absence, neck and low back pain, psychiatric disorder and depression. Finally, the models are useful in designing worksite stress prevention and health promotion programs.