Mongolian Buddhist Clergy and its Mobility Restricted, Prohibited and Forced
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Abstract
The adaptation of Buddhism significantly changed Mongolian society. The establishment of numerous Buddhist monasteries accommodating large monastic communities influenced, among others, the mode and range of mobility of the nomadic Mongolian people. Various types of legislation regulating the everyday life of the monasteries included rules which organised, restricted or forced the mobility of clergy in different ways. The present article provides examples of regulations regarding monastic mobility found in different normative legislative sources produced by the Mongolian Buddhist organisation itself, by the local Mongolian administration, and by the Qing and Russian imperial administration. It also juxtaposes this legislation with a letter written by the Buryat Bandido Khambo Lama to the abbot of the Atsagatskii datsan, in which some problems related to the monks’ mobility are discussed. The latter document allows to assess the actual situation in the Mongolian Buddhist monasteries of Transbaikalia as regards the geographical movement of the clergy. It also demonstrates the ways in which the authorities tried to keep the order and make the people subordinate to them obey the law established by the legislation mentioned above.
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