Sociology

СҮМ ХИЙДИЙН САНХҮҮЖИЛТЭЭС ИРГЭНИЙ НИЙГМИЙН САНХҮҮЖИЛТЭД АВАХ САНАА

Машбат О — 2025-08-01

Abstract: This article suggests that the financial system of old Mongolian monasteries may serve as a good model for civil society financing today. As a long accustomed procedure, the local community found a monastery, and each family contributed a small number of animals to jas (treasury), which funded the monastery's daily costs. As animals and herds grow, jas increase and strengthen, and the monastery expands its number of buildings and outside walls. A settlement emerged around the monastery with small shops and merchandise. It was called huree and understood as a town. Caravan routes emerge to huree to supply the local population with goods and herders also frequently visit huree to meet their cultural, religious, and daily needs such as flour, rice, and tea. The current lifestyle in soum centers (a usual country town where the lowest administrative units reside) has a long historical root of such settled life of huree, hundreds of which existed before the communist annihilation of 1930s. Later the communist ideology narrates that Mongols were nomadic barbarians till the mid-20th century and completely overlooked at settled history of Mongols, which in fact led to the annihilation of Mongolia as a civilization. Things like “local community” and “civil society” sound alien today for may Mongolians, who even call them “Western pets”. A careful study of jas however reveals that it is consistent with modern Western legal definitions of endowment and social entrepreneurship. It is a good historical justification for independent financing of civil society. It also demands us to study current lifestyle in soum centers and old huree culture in deep.

ДИССЕРТАЦИЙН ХУРААНГУЙН ХЭЛЗҮЙН ЗАРИМ АСУУДАЛ

Чимэдцогзол С — 2025-08-01

This research work focuses on the study of English texts from the perspective of Mongolian scholars, a branch of modern linguistics. Ever since the dawn of science, science has been written down as a very important language. For example, Greece, Latin, France, and Germany played a special role in the formation, dissemination, and development of Russian and English sciences in the aftermath of World War II. In today's age of globalization and information, English has become widely used in all spheres of social communication, and today modern English is not only the official language of the United Nations but also the main tool in all spheres of society—international relations, business, the Internet, tourism, culture, education, and science.

ГРАФФИТИ ДҮРСЛЭЛ ДЭХ “ХЭРЦГИЙ ОПТИМИЗМ”

Золбоо Д — 2025-08-01

Abstract: It has been over fifty years since graffiti was officially recognized as a form of art. During this time, graffiti has evolved, transitioning from the streets to galleries and exhibition spaces. Since 1990, when hip- hop music was introduced to Mongolia, graffiti art has captivated and inspired the youth. Today, the graffiti created by young artists presents a diverse range of themes and styles. In particular, graffiti that expresses neoliberal ideas—such as personal development, optimism, self-love, and self-help—has become prominent in high-traffic areas of the city center. Messages like "Society will change for the better," "We are strong enough to overcome the challenges we face," and "Life is beautiful" are commonly seen. In this article, we will explore how these positive, life-affirming graffiti texts embody the concept of "brutal optimism" as articulated in affect theory.

ӨВӨР МОНГОЛЫН МАЛЧДЫН СОЦИАЛЬ ОРОН ЗАЙН ӨӨРЧЛӨЛТИЙН ТҮҮХЭН ҮЕ ШАТ БА ҮР НӨЛӨӨ

Long Mei — 2025-08-01

his article analyzes People's Republic of China’s policies and actions regarding livestock grazing

in Inner Mongolia. A policy analysis of spatial changes in livestock grazing was conducted, and the current

situation and historical overview of the past were reviewed chronologically. In reviewing this social spatial

change in Inner Mongolia, we consider it within the context of the overall policies implemented since the

Chinese government's "Land and Pasture Ownership" policy, first implemented in 1979, to the present day.

Pasture policies and practices have shaped the livelihoods, urbanization, demographic structure, and social

change of modern Inner Mongolian herders. This article also compares and analyzes the main Western and

Eastern theories and concepts regarding social spatial change, and discusses them within the context of a

literature review.

БНХАУ-ЫН ТӨРИЙН АЛБАН ХААГЧ ЭМЭГТЭЙЧҮҮДИЙН ГЭР БҮЛИЙН БАЙР СУУРЬ, ТУЛГАМДСАН АСУУДЛУУД

Сарангоо . — 2025-08-01

Abstract: This article examines the familial roles and decision-making power of female civil servants in the People’s Republic of China from a sociological theoretical perspective. The research findings indicate that although women in China's civil service sector have made significant progress in their professional careers, they continue to face gender inequality in the distribution of family resources and decision-making authority. The study explores how social structures and policy environments influence this phenomenon, highlight in that traditional cultural norms and gender role allocations remain the primary obstacles to achieving equality.

СПОРТЫН СОЦИОЛОГИ ДАХЬ ЖЕНДЭРИЙН АСУУДАЛ

Батзориг Н — 2025-08-01

Жендэр гэдэг нь эмэгтэй, эрэгтэй хүмүүсийн нийгэмд бий болсон ялгааг илэрхийлдэг бол "хүйс" гэсэн нэр томьёо нь эрэгтэй, эмэгтэй хүмүүсийн биологийн болон бие махбодын ялгааг илэрхийлдэг. Жендэр нь фемининити (эмэгтэйлэг байдал) ба маскулинити (эрэгтэйлэг байдал) хоорондох нийгмийн тэгш бус байдлын ялгаанд анхаарал хандуулдаг. Эмэгтэйлэг байдал нь эмэгтэй хүний онцлог шинж чанар, сэтгэл хөдлөлийг тодорхойлоход хэрэглэгддэг бол эрэгтэйлэг байдал нь эрэгтэй хүйсийн өвөрмөц үйлдэл, мэдрэмжийг илэрхийлдэг. Жендэр ба спортын судалгаанд жендэрийн тухай ойлголтыг хүйсийн ойлголтоос аналитик байдлаар ялгадаг боловч энэ хоёр ойлголтыг өдөр тутмын хэл, сэтгэлгээнд ижил утгатай ашигладаг. Эмэгтэй, эрэгтэй хүмүүсийн бүх ялгаа нь биологийн шинж чанартай байдаггүй.

ОЮУТАН ЗАЛУУСЫН ҮНЭТ ЗҮЙЛ ТӨЛӨВШИХӨД НОМ УНШИХЫН ҮЗҮҮЛЭХ НӨЛӨӨ

Оюунбилэг Т — 2025-08-01

Abstract: By helping social norms to be internalized, values are indirectly sources of relationship behavior. Likewise, history books have different meanings that shape values and influence social life. It seems important to reevaluate the role of values in social life in a society which is extremely distinguishable in history books. An adaptation of Gavrilyuk’s value survey was used. Correlation analysis revealed significant differences between Mongolian students in value types and in history books. Altogether, it seems most important to investigate more detailed on the historical and social influences that shape individual and communal identities with regard to questions of history books and values. Conclusion of the secret history of the Mongols correlates to -family (r=.3) significantly -kindness, sustainability, integrity, compassion (r=0.2) weakly.

УУР АМЬСГАЛЫН ӨӨРЧЛӨЛТ ДЭХ ЖЕНДЭРИЙН АСУУДЛУУД

Түмэндэлгэр С — 2025-08-01

Abstract. In this article, the author presents results of an analysis of vulnerability to the impacts of climate change from a gender perspective. The article is based on the data collected by questionnaires, group interviews and secondary data analysis from herders in Bayantumen soum, Dornod aimag in 2022. A total of 109 herders participated in survey and 43 herders participated in 5 group interviews. The study findings shown that female herders’ participation in nomadic livestock farming is declining and it leaded to low income, less power and lack of ownership of livestock and other resources. The more livestock they have, the more pasture they use, so households with many livestock contribute more to pasture degradation than households with few livestock. However, about half of the herders of the target bagh have fewer than 200 livestock, but they are equally affected by pasture degradation and are more vulnerable to its negative impacts. In addition to this, the article highlights the lack of participation of women, youth, and citizens with few livestock in decision making at the local authority limits the opportunities to present and influence their common interests to local decisions.

ЭМНЭЛГИЙН НИЙГМИЙН АЖИЛТНЫ АЖЛЫН БҮТЭЭМЖИЙН ДӨРВӨН ХҮЧИН ЗҮЙЛИЙН ХОЛБОО ХАМААРЛЫН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭ

Жиа Бо — 2025-08-01

Мэргэжлийн цогц чадамж нь эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажлын хүний нөөцийн хөгжил, үйлчилгээний чанарт нөлөөлдөг үндсэн элемент юм. ӨМӨЗО-ны 2024 оны эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажилтны динамик судалгааны тоо баримтад тулгуурлан уг судалгаанд Өвөр Монголын 227 эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажилтны мэргэжлийн цогц чадамжид дүн шинжилгээ хийж, байгууллагын дэмжлэг, ажлын бие даасан байдал, мэргэжлийн ижилсэл зэрэг нь мэргэжлийн цогц чадамжид хэрхэн нөлөөлж байгааг шинжлэн судлахын тулд тоон судалгааны аргыг ашигласан. Судалгааны үр дүнгээс үзэхэд байгууллагын дэмжлэг, ажлын бие даасан байдал, мэргэжлийн онцлог нь эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажилтны мэргэжлийн цогц чадамжид эергээр нөлөөлж, ажлын бие даасан байдал нь байгууллагын дэмжлэг, мэргэжлийн цогц чадамж хоорондын харилцаанд холбогч үүрэг гүйцэтгэжээ. Харин мэргэжлийн ижилслийн шинж чанар нь байгууллагын дэмжлэг ба мэргэжлийн ур чадварын хоорондын харилцаанд зуучлагч үүрэг гүйцэтгэжээ. Эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажилтнууд өөрсдийн үйлчилгээний чанарыг салбар хоорондын хамтын ажиллагааны хүрээнд үр дүнтэй сайжруулж, үйлчлүүлэгчдийнхээ эрүүл мэнд, сайн сайхан байдалд хамгийн дөхүү ажиллахын тулд эмнэлгүүд нийгмийн ажлын үйлчилгээ, менежментийг бэхжүүлэхийн зэрэгцээ эмнэлгийн нийгмийн ажилтнууд өөрсдөө тасралтгүй дадлагажиж, суралцах, мэргэжлийн сургалтаар дамжуулан өөрсдийн ур чадвараа дээшлүүлэхийг зөвлөж байна.

XXI-Р ЗУУНААС ХОЙШИХ ҮЕИЙН ХӨХ ХОТЫН ТУЛГАМДСАН АСУУДАЛ БА ИРГЭДИЙН АМЬДРАЛЫН ЧАНАРТ ХИЙСЭН БАРИМТ БИЧГИЙН ШИНЖИЛГЭЭНИЙ ҮР ДҮН

Li Cheliger — 2025-08-01

Abstract: Currently, Hohhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia living 2.8 million people and has developed into a second-tier city in terms of population, area, and economic indicators. One of the major challenges the city faces is the imbalance in its urban environment and socio-ecological systems. Once underdeveloped at the beginning of the 21st century, Hohhot has experienced rapid urbanization and demographic expansion, which has led to increased air, water, and noise pollution, contributing to the deterioration of the urban environment. Population growth and traffic congestion have overwhelmed the city’s infrastructure and expansion capabilities. Urban issues such as poverty, difficulty finding employment, high unemployment rates, and rising crime are negatively affecting the city’s social stability and sustainable development. Therefore, it is essential to implement targeted measures to effectively address these “urban diseases” and improve the quality of life for Hohhot’s residents. In this context, this study presents an analysis of recent reports and documents that examine the city’s current challenges and the quality of life of its citizens.

ИРГЭНШЛИЙН МӨРГӨЛДӨӨН: ЕВРОПЫГ ЧИГЛЭСЭН ИСЛАМЫН УРСГАЛ ДАХЬ АФГАНИСТАН

Түмэнжаргал Д — 2025-08-01

Abstract: The longest and most protracted war in US history, the Afghan war, has ended and US troops have left Afghanistan, and the flow of Afghans has joined the “flood of the Islamic world” heading towards Europe. Civilizations that have existed for thousands of years in the Middle East, Africa, and Asia have, in recent years, been moving toward Europe in a dynamic flow, driven by politics, war, and the unbearable suffering of ordinary people. The influx of large numbers of Muslim refugees into the Western world—where anti-Islamic sentiment is widespread—has set in motion a historic convergence of two major civilizations. This has often been described as a clash of civilizations.

ЗАЛУУЧУУДЫН НИЙГМИЙН ТУСГААРЛАГДАЛТ

Батжаргал Ж — 2025-08-01

Abstract; The article calculates the Social Exclusion index according to the methodology and methods developed by UNDP researchers to study internal and external factors affecting social exclusion, and conducts three-dimensional measurements and multidimensional statistical analysis. Based on the results of this analysis, the scope and level of social exclusion of youth groups are examined. The analysis is based on the data of the basic study “Social exclusion and social inclusion” conducted by the Department of Sociology and Social Psychology of the Department of Institute of Philisophy in September 2020.

ӨВӨР МОНГОЛЫН МАЛЧИД БОЛОН ТАРИАЧДЫН ХАРИЛЦАН ТУСЛАЛЦАА БА ХАМТЫН АЖИЛЛАГАА

Аззаяа Т — 2025-08-01

Abstract; This article will explain the mutual assistance and cooperation of herders and farmers in Inner Mongolia from the perspective of social exchange theory, and describe the historical experience of herders and farmers helping each other, sharing their materials and resources during natural disasters and based on their circumstances, and learning from each other's cultural traditions. Currently, the mutual support among herders and farmers is more organized, with formal agreements, wider scope, and official cooperation. Such cooperation and mutual support are formed based on the geographical proximity of neighboring areas and the needs for the survival and development of animal husbandry and crop farming. This cooperation has evolved on the principle of voluntary mutual benefit. The establishment of agreements and payments for services has further expanded their cooperation, promoting the joint development of animal husbandry and crop farming in Inner Mongolia, and playing an essential role in the development of rural villages.

ТАМИРЧДЫН ГҮЙЛТИЙН ТЭСВЭРИЙН ЧАДАВХЫГ ХӨГЖҮҮЛЭХ АРГАЗҮЙН ЗАРИМ АСУУДАЛ

Амгалан А — 2025-08-01

In Mongolia, the current high-performance athletics training system lacks the necessary structure to accurately account for variations in athletes' training levels, both in terms of organization and external assessment. The present state of Mongolian athletics and the performance of athletes in competitions highlight the need for enhanced long-term training planning across all disciplines, including sprinting, jumping, and throwing. Additionally, there is a pressing need to develop more effective training methodologies to prepare promising athletes for success at the international level.

A comparative analysis indicates that the average time of the top eight Mongolian male sprinters in the 100- meter sprint (10.43 seconds, based on archival data from the National Championships) is 0.47 seconds slower than the average of the top eight sprinters at the World Championships (9.94 seconds) and 0.21 seconds slower than the average at the Asian Athletics Championships (10.22 seconds) (Asian Athletics Federation). Our study examined variations in running speeds at 150 m, 200 m, and 300 m, which serve as key indicators of sprint endurance. Notably, all athletes exhibited a faster running speed of over 200 m compared to 150 m, underscoring its significance as the primary distance in short-distance sprinting. However, a decline in speed was observed at 300 m, with athletes A1, A4, and A5 experiencing less reduction in speed than their counterparts. This suggests that structured speed-endurance training can be effectively implemented. For athletes A2, A3, A6, A7, and A8, it was deemed necessary to increase training load and intensity to enhance their speed endurance.

ИХ, ДЭЭД СУРГУУЛИЙН ОЮУТНУУДЫН БИЕ БЯЛДРЫН ХӨГЖИЛ, БЭЛТГЭЛЖИЛТИЙН ХАРЬЦУУЛСАН СУДАЛГАА

Гантулга Р — 2025-08-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the general physical development and level of preparation of university students and to evaluate the effectiveness of a 64-hour physical training program for a period of 4 months.

The study involved 650 students from the National University of Mongolia, and their general physical development indicators were determined by a movement test. The results before and after the training program were compared and analyzed accordingly.

The results of the study showed that male students lost an average of 0.23 kg in body weight, 0.57 cm in chest circumference, and 0.11 cm in waist circumference, which is an increase in muscle mass and a decrease in fat tissue. Female students lost an average of 1.1 kg in body weight, 1.1 cm in chest circumference, and 2.3 cm in waist circumference, which is a result of increased metabolism and improved body shape.

The highest improvement in movement skill was in leg strength. The leg strength of male students increased by 10.3 cm and female students’ by 12.5 cm, which shows that the training program was implemented effectively. Abdominal strength of male students increased by 2.5 times and of female students by 3.2 times, which were important improvements. The hand stretching index increased by 1.2 times for male students and

1.5 times for female students, which shows the effectiveness of the training program. The flexibility index increased by 1 cm for male students and 2.24 cm for female students, but the standard deviation was higher than the other indicators, indicating that there are high differences due to individual body structure and joint mobility.

The effectiveness of a curriculum aimed at improving the general physical development and movement skills of university students has been confirmed by this study, and it is necessary to include a special program in the content and methodology of the curriculum in order to increase flexibility. It is also concluded that a long- term study with a larger number of respondents is necessary to further confirm the results of the study.

ИРГЭДИЙН УЛС ТӨРИЙН ҮЗЭЛ БАРИМТЛАЛЫН ЗУРАГЛАЛ

Гэрэлт-Од Э — 2025-08-01

The study "Mapping Citizens' Political Ideologies, Political Participation, and Awareness" was conducted by the research team of the National Center for Comprehensive Development, commissioned by the Parliamentary Research and Development Institute. This article presents a summary of the study’s key findings. Understanding the ideological orientations of political parties is essential for analyzing their core policies, values, goals, and approaches to societal issues. Extending this lens to citizens, the study explored political ideologies among the public through seven key dimensions—state organization, economy, social policy, human rights, family, and environment—along with 12 corresponding sub-dimensions. Using a set of evaluative questions, the research identified individuals’ political positions within these categories, offering insights into the broader ideological landscape and civic engagement trends.

МАЛЧДЫН ТАВАН НАСТАЙ ХҮҮХДИЙН СУРГУУЛЬД БЭЛТГЭГДСЭН БАЙДЛЫГ ҮНЭЛСЭН ЗАРИМ ҮР ДҮН

Алтансувд Л — 2025-08-01

A World Bank research report on preschool education in Mongolia recommended that access to preschool education in rural areas should be improved by implementing the family-based education programs for children in remote communities or herder households.

Mongolia has implemented many projects and programs to prepare 5-year-old children to school, who cannot attend preschool program or kindergarten, in the family environment with the help of their parents.

One example of this is the project "Better School Start – Better School Life” jointly implemented by MSUE, the “Association for Primary and Secondary School Development” of Mongolia, and Community for International Cooperation in Education and Development (CICED) / Denmark.

Within the framework of this project, we have written and developed the Exercise workbook. "Preparing five-year-old children for school and "Handbook for parents to prepare their five-year-old children for school" with the purpose of preparing five-year-old children for school based on their families. Every year hundreds of children are benefited.

We planned to reach more than 2,000 children of herder households during the entire project implementation period. In 2019-2020, we have reached 500 children of herdsmen, 1000 children in 2021, and 1000 herders’ children in 2022. We have started the work of developing the herders’ children based on their families and preparing them for school, which is more than 90% of the target group.

A total of 70 children from 4 provinces participating in the project were surveyed according to 11 indicators of movement and health, 16 indicators of cognitive creativity, and 11 indicators of communication and learning methods. The assessment was considered at the following 3 levels:

able to do it independently
able to do it with others help
unable to do it at

When children were evaluated by 38 criteria of 8 areas of Initial Assessment, 23% of all children could do the task independently, 37% could do it with the help of others, and 40% could not do the task at all. According to the results of the research, the 5-year-old children of the herder households were lack of social skills such as self-expression, following rules and instructions, completing tasks and expressing their desire to go to school.

БАЙГАЛИЙН ГАМШИГТ ҮЗЭГДЛИЙН ҮЕИЙН ЖЕНДЭРТ СУУРИЛСАН ХҮЧИРХИЙЛЛИЙН НӨХЦӨЛ БАЙДАЛ (ЗУДЫН ҮЕИЙН ЖИШЭЭН ДЭЭР)

Болдмаа Н — 2025-08-01

Mongolia is an extremely susceptible country to climatic change due to its isolated geographical location, vulnerable ecosystem, and economic system dependent on nature and climate. Within the period of the last 40 years, the ecosystem of Mongolia has undergone a significant change due to global climatic change and human activities, and thus is being threatened by desertification, an increase of repeated drought and dzud, water resource issues, and scarcity of diverse biological species. As members of socially vulnerable groups are susceptible to violence during catastrophes, the issue of protecting them is emphasized globally. This study aimed to identify herders' perceptions and attitudes towards gender-based violence, and the types of gender-based violence that herders are exposed to during the dzud. Within the scope of the same objectives, researcher performed the data collection of the assessment from within 14 soums of seven aimags (Bayan-Ulgii, Khovd, Gobi-Altai, Uvs, Zavkhan, Khentii, and Khuvsgul). When dzud-affected herders were asked about their understanding of GBV, the majority (79.8%) had never heard of the term “GBV” before or only heard it but with no understanding of the term GBV. Some negative impacts arose in the demand for mental, physical, financial, and other fundamental necessities during dzud. In the mental state of herders during dzud, 13.6% were anxious and fearful. A total of 61 herders (15.9% of all herders) were exposed to some type of violence during dzud.

ХҮҮХДИЙН САЙН САЙХАН БАЙДЛЫН ТАЛААРХ ТАНДАЛТ СУДАЛГАА

Болд Ц — 2025-08-01

This scoping review explores the multi-dimensional construct of child well-being, with a specific focus on psychological and subjective well-being among school-aged children in Mongolia and beyond. Drawing from 19 empirical studies identified through comprehensive searches in eight databases, the review synthesizes key factors contributing to children's well-being, including perceived social support, school climate, parental relationships, autonomy, and socioeconomic status. The findings underscore that supportive social environments, particularly those fostering autonomy, competence, and belonging, significantly enhance children’s life satisfaction and mental health. Conversely, experiences of discrimination, psychological control, and economic hardship negatively impact children's well-being. Notably, only one study was based in Mongolia, highlighting a critical research gap. This review contributes to a nuanced understanding of the relational and contextual determinants of child well-being and lays the groundwork for more culturally

grounded research in Mongolia. It also emphasizes the need for ethical, participatory, and methodologically

diverse approaches in future studies.

НИЙГМИЙН ИНЖЕНЕРЧЛЭЛ: ОНОЛ АРГАЗҮЙН ШИНЭ ӨНЦГӨӨС ХАНДАХ НЬ

Мөнхбат О — 2025-08-01

Abstract: In this paper, the author suggests reconsider role and application of social engineering from new theoritical point of view. Traditionally, social enjineering considered as instrument of manipulating human behavior to gain unauthorized access to sensitive information by exploiting errors, behavioral patterns, and psychological tendencies. This deceptive technique targets employees and consumers, often tricking them into revealing critical credentials. It looks at how attackers use cognitive biases, emotions, and trust to facilitate network hacks, data breaches, and other types of cybercrime. But in the digital age of sociology, as the author argues, social engineering can be one of the very important channels to penetrate innovation, innovative technology into sociological theory and practice. According to the author, social engineering is the mechanism which will be enforce a transfer of theoretical knowledge into sociological practice. In this paper, the authors analyses, in parallel with Popper’s point of view, several other scholars’ definition of social engineering. At the end, he concludes that social engineering must be one of main functions of sociology to penetrate innovation into practical implementation.

АМЬДРАЛЫН ХЭВ МАЯГИЙН ТАЛААРХ СОЦИОЛОГИЙН ОНОЛУУД -2

Цэрэнбазар П — 2025-08-01

Abstract. The determination of lifestyles in contemporary societies involves a complex interaction of social structures, individual agency, and globalizing forces. Bourdieu, Giddens, and Bauman offer significant theoretical contributions to understanding the determinants of individual choice in the context of societal transformation, analyzing the roles of social class, cultural capital, risk perception, digital networks, and the evolving character of modern societies. Given the rapid pace of societal change driven by globalization, digitalization, and environmental issues, sociologists have developed diverse analytical models to explain the dynamism of evolving lifestyles..

ГАДААДЫН ЗАРИМ УЛС ОРНЫ ЦЭРГИЙН СОЦИОЛОГИЙН МЭДЛЭГИЙН ХӨГЖЛИЙН ТҮҮХЭН АСУУДАЛД

Бадарч Б — 2025-08-01

Abstract: The article examines the development of world sociology, including the origins and development of military sociology knowledge, and the subjects of its study. In particular, the origins and stages of Russian military sociology knowledge are examined. The article also examines the institutions, research and researchers of military sociology in the United States.

The development of an independent sociological discipline as a science in the late 19th and early 20th centuries laid the theoretical foundation for the formation of Russian military sociology. Thus, the development of military sociology knowledge as an independent branch of sociological science at the modern stage has become of great importance. Currently, the subject of research in Russian military sociology is determined by the socio-economic situation in the country and sociological traditions. The main focus is on studying the socio-economic situation, military education, the values and professional orientation of military personnel, and the problems of conflict within the military community.

МОАХ-НЫ УЛААНБААТАРТ ХИЙСЭН II ЦУГЛААН

Тамир Ч — 2025-08-01

Abstract: On December 17, 1989, the second public gathering of the Mongolian Democratic Union (MDU) was held on the west side of Sukhbaatar Square, in front of the State Academic Theatre of Opera and Ballet. Around 1,000 people attended the rally, including intellectuals such as writers, journalists, and artists, as well as students and workers. The demonstrators demanded a response to a previously submitted “petition”, and the MDU officially requested registration as a legal organization. This paper also explores how the ruling Mongolian People’s Revolutionary Party (MPRP) Politburo and other authorities responded to the event, and within what scope these political changes occurred.

ЭРЭГТЭЙ, ЭМЭГТЭЙЧҮҮДИЙН ХӨДӨЛМӨРИЙН ХУВААРЬ НЬ СОЦИОЛОГИ ЖЕНДЭРИЙН СУДЛАГДАХУУН БОЛОХ НЬ

Одгэрэл Ц — 2025-08-01

Abstract: Based on the works of key representatives of feminist, Marxist, structural-functional, and post- structuralist theories who have explained the gender division of labor, these approaches describe the roles, responsibilities, and positions of men and women as shaped by social structure and cultural influences. The industrial revolution that spread throughout Europe brought about a transformation in the traditional culture- which had subordinated women to men and prescribed that women should remain housewives- by demonstrating that, as men began working in factories, the proportion of women’s participation shifted and, as women increasingly engaged in social life, it became difficult for them to fulfill their familial roles. In response, these theorists advanced the issue of reconciling women’s productive role with their reproductive responsibilities.

МОНГОЛЧУУДЫН AМЬДРАЛЫН НӨӨЦ БОЛОМЖИЙН ХОМСДОЛ БА ТУСГААРЛАГДМАЛ БАЙДАЛ

Пүрэв Ц — 2025-08-01

Монгол улсын үндсэн хуульд “эх орондоо хүмүүнлэг иргэний ардчилсан нийгэм цогцлон байгуулахыг эрхэм зорилго болгоно” хэмээн тунхагласан билээ. Иргэний нийгэм гэдэг хүн төвтэй нийгмийг үндсэндээ ойлгож, түүгээр дамжуулан нийгэм, улс төр, эдийн засаг, оюун санааны амьдрал дахь иргэдийн оролцоог нэмэгдүүлэх боломжтой гэж үздэг. Гэтэл хүн бүрийн хүчин зүтгэл, иргэдийн оролцоо нийгмийн дээрх бүхий л салбарт идэвхтэй байж чадахгүй байгаа нь монголын иргэний нийгмийн төлөвшилд сөрөг нөлөө үзүүлсээр байгаа юм. Доктор (Sc.D), профессор Д.Даш-Ёндон “Нийгмийн эсхүл улс орны хөгжил бол хүнд, иргэнд өөрт нь, хүний чадвар боловсролд, санаа бодолд нь гарч буй дэвшлийн үр дүнгийн үзүүлэлт болж байх ёстой...

“ДИЖИТАЛ ЭТНОГРАФИ” АРГА ЗҮЙГ НИЙГМИЙН ШИНЖЛЭХ УХААНД ХЭРЭГЛЭХ БОЛОМЖ БА ТӨЛӨВ, ХАНДЛАГА

Оюунханд Ш — 2025-08-01

Abstract: Digital ethnography is a new methodological practice that adapts traditional ethnographic techniques to digital settings. Social scientists are increasingly turning to the usage of digital ethnography to study online cultures, phenomena, and interactions as societies are progressively becoming mediated by digital technologies. This article will explore the theory of digital ethnography, its methodology, its limitations, and its contribution to social sciences. As virtual spaces are undeniably becoming a central component of human interaction, digital ethnography provides valuable and realistic perspectives on the complexities of virtual worlds and how they are utilized by individuals.