Application of Geographic Information Systems in Cartography: A Case Study of Population Density Mapping

Зурагзүйн салбарт газарзүйн мэдээллийн системийн хэрэглээ: Хүн амын нягтшилын газрын зургийг зохиох жишээн дээр

Abstract

Geographic Information Systems (GIS) represent a modern technological framework that is widely applied across numerous sectors of national industry. Since the mid-twentieth century, GIS technologies have been extensively utilized in developed countries, and since 2005 Mongolia has increasingly adopted them in a broad range of fields, including military and defense, communications, civil and engineering infrastructure, geology, mining, education, healthcare, geography, land management and utilization, cadastral surveying, geodesy, cartography, environmental studies, and public services. In parallel, governmental agencies as well as research and investigation institutions have actively developed map-based spatial databases tailored to their specific operational and analytical needs. At present, GIS plays a central role in thematic cartography at various spatial scales and for diverse purposes, as it enables efficient and accurate collection, storage, processing, analysis, registration, and management of large volumes of spatial and non-spatial data. The integration of GIS significantly enhances the efficiency of cartographic workflows and the handling of complex map products. Furthermore, the systematic development and continuous improvement of GIS-based cartographic databases are key factors in shaping both current and future directions of map industry development. Accordingly, this paper examines the principal aspects of GIS application in cartography and presents the workflow organization and methodological framework for producing thematic geoinformation maps. The study specifically demonstrates the process through the creation of a small-scale population density map using ArcGIS 10.8.